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Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of

SUKARNI,SUDJITO,Nurkholis HAMIDI,Uun YANUHAR,I.N.G. WARDANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 125-133 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0346-x

摘要： The thermal behavior of combustion in air atmosphere were investigated by performing experiments on STA PT1600 Thermal Analyzer at heating rates of 10°C/min, 40°C/min and 70°C/min and range of temperatures from room temperature to 1200°C. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by using Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The result showed that combustion occurred in five stages. Started with initial devolatilization, the main thermal decomposition and combustion process, transition stage, the combustion of char and the last stage was the slow burning reaction of residual char. In line with increasing heating rate, the mass loss rate increased as well, but it delayed the thermal decomposition processes toward higher temperatures. The average activation energy at the main thermal decomposition stage and the stage of char combustion were approximately 251 kJ/mol and 178 kJ/mol, respectively.

关键词： Nannochloropsis oculata combustion kinetic parameters air atmosphere thermogravimetric

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning Northeast China

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Reduction of CeO

Elena Yu. KONYSHEVA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 249-261 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1333-6

摘要： Reduction behavior of pure and doped CeO , the multi-phase La Sr CoO ? CeO , La Sr MnO ? CeO , and La Ni Fe O ? CeO composites, was studied under hydrogen containing atmosphere to address issues related to the improvement of electrochemical and catalytic performance of electrodes in fuel cells. The enhanced reduction of cerium oxide was observed initially at 800°C in all composites in spite of the presence of highly reducible transition metal cations that could lead to the increase in surface concentration of oxygen vacancies and generation of the electron enriched surface. Due to continuous reduction of cerium oxide in La Sr CoO ? CeO and La Sr MnO ? CeO (up to 10 h) composites the redox activity of the Ce /Ce pair could be suppressed and additional measures are required for reversible spontaneous regeneration of Ce . After 3 h exposure to H -Ar at 800°C the reduction of cerium oxides and perovskite phases in La Ni Fe O ? CeO composites was diminished. The extent of cerium oxide involvement in the reduction process varies with time, and depends on its initial deviation from oxygen stoichiometry (that results in the larger lattice parameter and the longer pathway for O transport through the fluorite lattice), chemical origin of transition metal cations in the perovskite, and phase diversity in multi-phase composites.

关键词： reduction of cerium oxide composites perovskites catalyst under hydrogen containing atmosphere

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Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic

Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 144-161 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019258

摘要：

Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used , the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha and E = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.

关键词： film mulching growth stage leaf area index maize growth water and heat transfer

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Developing a molecular platform for potential carbon dioxide fixing

Mette MIKKELSEN, Mikkel JØRGENSEN, Frederik C. KREBS,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 236-239 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0239-9

摘要： This paper presents an attempt to develop a new system for fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The proposed molecular system has been designed to have the capacity to spontaneously bind CO from the atmosphere with high affinity. The molecular system is furthermore designed to have the ability to liberate CO at a later stage in the process, i.e., in a separate compartment. The liberated CO presents a carbon neutral way of obtaining pure CO. The proposed molecular system is based on a small stable organic molecule that potentially have two forms: one without bound CO and one with bound CO. One class of molecules that undergo a reaction compatible with our purposal is the merocyanine dyes that exhibit photochromic properties. Based on this structural class of molecules, a system for the potential fixing of CO has been developed.

关键词： potential fixing atmosphere attempt ability purposal

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Intercontinental transport of air pollution

Lin ZHANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 20-29 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0014-7

摘要： There is an increasing interest on the intercontinental transport of air pollution among the three main emission regions at northern mid-latitudes: North America, Europe, and East Asia. Air pollutants with sufficient long lifetime can be transported from one continent to another. Observations from ground sites, aircraft and satellites have demonstrated this intercontinental-scale transport of air pollutants in the free troposphere. Numerical models have been applied to understand the pathways of the transport and the impact of intercontinental pollution transport. This paper reviews current observational evidence and modeling studies of intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors, and the resulting impacts on air quality.

关键词： intercontinental transport ozone air pollution

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Health impacts of air pollution in China

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1367-1

摘要：

•Impacts of air pollution on various body systems health in China were highlighted.

关键词： Health impacts Air pollution China Advances

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Optimized determination of airborne tetracycline resistance genes in laboratory atmosphere

Lu Song, Can Wang, Yizhu Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1274-5

摘要： Abstract • Sampling parameters with high efficiency was determined. • Operational process to detect airborne ARGs was optimized. • Providing research basis to control airborne ARGs of a laboratory atmosphere Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in various atmospheric environments. Airborne ARGs transmission presents the public health threat. However, it is very difficult to quantify airborne ARGs because of the limited availability of collectable airborne particulate matter and the low biological content of samples. In this study, an optimized protocol for collecting and detecting airborne ARGs was presented. Experimental results showed that recovery efficiency tended to increase initially and then declined over time, and a range of 550–780 copies/mm2 of capture loading was recommended to ensure that the recovery efficiency is greater than 75%. As the cell walls were mechanically disrupted and nucleic acids were released, the buffer wash protects ARGs dissolution. Three ratios of buffer volume to membrane area in buffer wash were compared. The highest concentrations of airborne ARGs were detected with 1.4 µL/mm2 buffer wash. Furthermore, the majority of the cells were disrupted by an ultrasonication pretreatment (5 min), allowing the efficiency ARGs detection of airborne samples. While, extending the ultrasonication can disrupt cell structures and gene sequence was broken down into fragments. Therefore, this study could provide a theoretical basis for the efficient filter collection of airborne ARGs in different environments. An optimized sampling method was proposed that the buffer wash was 1.4 µL/mm2 and the ultrasonication duration was 5 min. The indoor airborne ARGs were examined in accordance with the improved protocol in two laboratories. The result demonstrated that airborne ARGs in an indoor laboratory atmosphere could pose the considerable health risk to inhabitants and we should pay attention to some complicated indoor air environment.

关键词： Airborne tetracycline resistance genes Filter sampling Capture loading Membrane pretreatment Indoor laboratory atmosphere

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大气探测系统设计和工程建设

郑国光

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 21-26

摘要：

文章分析了我国大气探测业务现状和大气探测技术发展趋势，阐述了我国大气探测系统设计和工程建设的基本思路和目标，介绍了即将开始建设的国家大中型建设项目——大气监测自动化系统的总体结构和建设的主要内容。文章也是对大气科学的工程化建设一文^[1]的进一步阐述。

关键词：大气探测监测自动化工程设计与建设

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Experimental investigation on desiccant air-conditioning system in India

Vijay MITTAL, B. Kant KHAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 161-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0070-5

摘要： An experimental investigation in India was presented to evaluate the performance and energy saving capacity of a desiccant air-conditioning system composed of a silica gel bed, a split type air-conditioner (1.0 ton refrigeration) installed in a room with a volume of 86.4 m, air ducts and a blower. The experiment was made in such a way that the percentages of return air, outdoor air and indoor air mixed with the air leaving the desiccant and desiccant bed thickness could be adjusted. Tests were conducted on several days with relatively similar ambient conditions. Under the test conditions in this experiment, a 7cm bed thickness is recommended with a maximum adsorption rate of 403g/h. The optimum percentages of air ratios were as follows: 10% of outdoor air, 10% of return air (mixed together at the desiccant bed inlet) and 80% of indoor air mixed with the dry air leaving the desiccant. The corresponding electricity saving was about 19%. As expected, simple economic analysis indicates that the desiccant air-conditioning is not viable for smaller cooling capacities.

关键词： air ratios ambient conditions desiccant air-conditioning silica gel

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Phenolic compounds removal by wet air oxidation based processes

Linbi Zhou, Hongbin Cao, Claude Descorme, Yongbing Xie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0970-2

摘要： Wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) are efficient processes to degrade organic pollutants in water. In this paper, we especially reviewed the WAO and CWAO processes for phenolic compounds degradation. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the CWAO processes that could be beneficial to the scientists entering this field of research. The influence of different reaction parameters, such as temperature, oxygen pressure, pH, stirring speed are analyzed in detail; Homogenous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts including carbon materials, transitional metal oxides and noble metals are extensively discussed, among which Cu based catalysts and Ru catalysts were shown to be the most active. Three different kinds of the reactor implemented for the CWAO (autoclave, packed bed and membrane reactors) are illustrated and compared. To enhance the degradation efficiency and reduce the cost of the CWAO process, biological degradation can be combined to develop an integrated technology.

关键词： Wet air oxidation Catalytic wet air oxidation Phenolic compounds Heterogeneous catalysts Mechanism

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API-based assessment on urban air environment bearing capability in China

Jinnan WANG,Jing ZHANG,Hongqiang JIANG,Yaling LU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 1049-1055 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0662-0

摘要： Given the complexity and time-consuming of the conventional environmental capacity based assessment on air environment carrying capacity; a new method for assessing urban air environment carrying capacity based on air pollution index (API) is presented. By using this new method, the air environmental bearing capability of 333 cities at the prefecture level and above is assessed. The results show that of the 333 cities 9.6% is of high bearing capability, 34.5% relatively high bearing capability, 52.6% medium bearing capability, 2.7% low capability, and 0.6% is of weak bearing capability; in terms of regional distribution, the western region is of relatively high air environment bearing capability, followed by north-eastern and eastern regions, and the ambient air quality in the middle region is quite poor; among the 12 urban agglomerations in key regions, Pearl River delta, west side of Taiwan Strait and Chengdu-Chongqing agglomerations are of relatively high carrying capacity while other agglomerations are of medium bearing capability. The assessment results imply that the existing air quality standard (GB3095-1996) is quite unsound.

关键词： air pollution index (API) air environment bearing capability key city assessment method

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Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits ofair pollution control

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 1056-1065 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0796-8

摘要： Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE) to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM . The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than US$334 billion of economic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

关键词： air quality assessment human health benefit economic benefit air quality attainment assessment air pollution control strategy decision support system

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Regeneration of Fe

Ruizhuang ZHAO, Ju SHANGGUAN, Yanru LOU, Jin SONG, Jie MI, Huiling FAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 423-428 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0503-z

摘要： Regeneration of a high-temperature coal gas desulfurization sorbent is a key technology in its industrial applications. A Fe O -based high-temperature coal gas desulfurizer was prepared using red mud from steel factory. The influences of regeneration temperature, space velocity and regeneration gas concentration in SO atmosphere on regeneration performances of the desulfurization sorbent were tested in a fixed bed reactor. The changes of phase and the composition of the Fe O -based high-temperature coal gas desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and the changes of pore structure were characterized by the mercury intrusion method. The results show that the major products are Fe O and elemental sulfur; the influences of regeneration temperature, space velocity and SO concentration in inlet on regeneration performances and the changes of pore structure of the desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration are visible. The desulfurization sorbent cannot be regenerated at 500°C in SO atmosphere. Within the range of 600°C – 800°C, the time of regeneration becomes shorter, and the regeneration conversion increases as the temperature rises. The time of regeneration also becomes shorter, and the elemental sulfur content of tail gas increases as the SO concentration in inlet is increased. The increase in space velocity enhances the reactive course; the best VSP is 6000 h for regeneration conversion. At 800°C, 20 vol-% SO and 6000 h , the regeneration conversion can reach nearly to 90%.

关键词： high-temperature coal gas Fe₂O₃ desulfurization sorbent SO₂ atmosphere regeneration behaviors sulfur recovery